Entries categorized as Brain

Traces Of The Past: Computer Algorithm Able To ‘Read’ Human Memories

On March 12, 2010 / By Chris Fisher / In Brain Imaging / No Comments

Computer programs have been able to predict which of three short films a person is thinking about, just by looking at their brain activity. The research, conducted by scientists at the Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging at UCL (University College London), provides further insight into how our memories are recorded. (read the full story)

Brain Scans Could Be The Marketing Tool Of The Future

On March 6, 2010 / By Chris Fisher / In Brain Imaging / No Comments

FMRIUsing advanced tools to see the human brain at work, a new generation of marketing experts may be able to test a product’s appeal while it is still being designed, according to a new analysis by two researchers at Duke University and Emory University. So-called “neuromarketing” takes the tools of modern brain science, like the functional MRI, and applies them to the somewhat abstract likes and dislikes of customer decision-making. (read the full story)

Do Not Make That Face At Me!

On March 6, 2010 / By Chris Fisher / In News / No Comments

Think back to your last fight with someone you love. How did you feel afterwards? How did you behave? Conflict with a loved one often leaves a person feeling terrible and then behaving badly. So much so that these scenarios have become soap opera clichés. After an argument, one partner may brood, slam the door, and then drive to a local bar to drown their sorrows in alcohol. These dramas rarely have happy endings. Given these stereotypes, how do people control their emotional reactions and prevent emotional storms and their attendant use of intoxicating substances? (read the full story)

UCI Researchers Find That Learning Keeps The Brain Healthy

On March 6, 2010 / By Chris Fisher / In Brain Imaging, Neuroscience / No Comments

human brainUC Irvine neurobiologists are providing the first visual evidence that learning promotes brain health – and, therefore, that mental stimulation could limit the debilitating effects of aging on memory and the mind. Using a novel visualization technique they devised to study memory, a research team led by Lulu Chen and Christine Gall found that everyday forms of learning animate neuron receptors that help keep brain cells functioning at optimum levels. (read the full story)

Novel Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Sensor Provides A Molecular View Of The Brain

On March 4, 2010 / By Chris Fisher / In Brain Imaging / No Comments

MIT neuroscientists have designed a new MRI sensor that responds to the neurotransmitter dopamine, an achievement that may significantly improve the specificity and resolution of future brain imaging procedures. Although functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has enhanced our understanding of brain function since it was first introduced about 20 years ago, the technology actually measures blood flow, which is a slow and indirect readout of neural activity. Check the end of this report for a link to review a video interview with the researcher and demonstration of this technology (reading the full story)

EEG Study Finds That A Neural Mechanism May Underlie An Enhanced Memory For The Unexpected

On March 3, 2010 / By Chris Fisher / In Neuroscience, QEEG / No Comments

The human brain excels at using past experiences to make predictions about the future. However, the world around us is constantly changing, and new events often violate our logical expectations. “We know these unexpected events are more likely to be remembered than predictable events, but the underlying neural mechanisms for these effects remain unclear,” says lead researcher, Dr. Nikolai Axmacher, from the University of Bonn in Germany. (read the full story)

Childhood Stress Such As Abuse Or Emotional Neglect Can Result In Structural Brain Changes

On March 1, 2010 / By Chris Fisher / In Brain Imaging / No Comments

New research using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows that childhood stress such as abuse or emotional neglect, in particular when combined with genetic factors, can result in structural brain changes, rendering these people more vulnerable to developing depression. The study led by scientists at Trinity College Dublin has just been published in the international scientific journal, Neuropsychopharmacology. (read the full story)

EEG Brain Implant Reveals The Neural Patterns Of Attention

On February 28, 2010 / By Chris Fisher / In QEEG / No Comments

A paralyzed patient implanted with a brain-computer interface device has allowed scientists to determine the relationship between brain waves and attention. Characteristic activity patterns known as beta and delta oscillations have been observed in various regions of the brain since the early 20th century, and have been theoretically associated with attention. The unique opportunity to record directly from a human subject’s motor cortex allowed University of Chicago researchers to investigate this relationship more thoroughly than ever before. (read the full story)

Protecting The Brain From A Deadly Genetic Disease

On February 27, 2010 / By Chris Fisher / In Neuroscience / No Comments

Huntington’s disease (HD) is a cruel, hereditary condition that leads to severe physical and mental deterioration, psychiatric problems and eventually, death. Currently, there are no treatments to slow down or stop it. HD sufferers are born with the disease although they do not show symptoms until late in life. In a new study published in The Journal of Neuroscience, Stephen Ferguson and Fabiola Ribeiro of Robarts Research Institute at The University of Western Ontario identified a protective pathway in the brain that may explain why HD symptoms take so long to appear. The findings could also lead to new treatments for HD. (continue reading)

Caltech Scientists Find First Physiological Evidence Of The Brain’s Response To Inequality

On February 27, 2010 / By Chris Fisher / In Brain Imaging / No Comments

The human brain is a big believer in equality – and a team of scientists from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) and Trinity College in Dublin, Ireland, has become the first to gather the images to prove it. Specifically, the team found that the reward centers in the human brain respond more strongly when a poor person receives a financial reward than when a rich person does. The surprising thing? This activity pattern holds true even if the brain being looked at is in the rich person’s head, rather than the poor person’s. (continue reading)

The Role Of Sleep In Brain Development

On February 27, 2010 / By Chris Fisher / In Sleep / No Comments

Marcos Frank, PhD, associate professor of Neuroscience at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, presented information on early brain development and the importance of sleep during early life when the brain is rapidly maturing and highly changeable, at the 2010 American Association for the Advancement of Science meeting in San Diego this week. (continue reading)

Genes Responsible For The Ability To Recognize Faces

On February 26, 2010 / By Chris Fisher / In Neuroscience / No Comments

The ability to recognize faces is largely determined by your genes, according to new research at UCL (University College London). Published today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, scientists found that identical twins were twice as similar to each other in terms of their ability to recognize faces, compared to non-identical twins. Check the end of this report for a link to take the Cambridge Face Memory Test (the same memory test used in this research). (continue reading)

Impaired Brain Activity Underlies Impulsive Behaviors In Women With Bulimia

On February 26, 2010 / By Chris Fisher / In Brain Imaging / No Comments

Women with bulimia nervosa (BN), when compared with healthy women, showed different patterns of brain activity while doing a task that required self-regulation. This abnormality may underlie binge eating and other impulsive behaviors that occur with the eating disorder, according to an article published in the January 2009 issue of the Archives of General Psychiatry. (continue reading)

Brain Structure Predicts Ability To Learn Video Games

On February 25, 2010 / By Chris Fisher / In Brain Imaging, Neuroscience / No Comments

Researchers can predict your performance on a video game simply by measuring the volume of specific structures in your brain, a multi-institutional team reports this week. The new study, in the journal Cerebral Cortex, found that nearly a quarter of the variability in achievement seen among men and women trained on a new video game could be predicted by measuring the volume of parts of the striatum, a collection of brain structures tucked deep inside the cerebral cortex. (continue reading)

Caltech Neuroscientists Find Brain System Behind General Intelligence

On February 24, 2010 / By Chris Fisher / In Neuroscience / No Comments

A collaborative team of neuroscientists at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), the University of Iowa, the University of Southern California (USC), and the Autonomous University of Madrid have mapped the brain structures that affect general intelligence. The study, to be published the week of February 22 in the early edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, adds new insight to a highly controversial question: What is intelligence, and how can we measure it? (continue reading)