Brain Scans Could Be The Marketing Tool Of The Future
Using advanced tools to see the human brain at work, a new generation of marketing experts may be able to test a product’s appeal while it is still being designed, according to a new analysis by two researchers at Duke University and Emory University. So-called “neuromarketing” takes the tools of modern brain science, like the functional MRI, and applies them to the somewhat abstract likes and dislikes of customer decision-making. (read the full story)
UCI Researchers Find That Learning Keeps The Brain Healthy
UC Irvine neurobiologists are providing the first visual evidence that learning promotes brain health – and, therefore, that mental stimulation could limit the debilitating effects of aging on memory and the mind. Using a novel visualization technique they devised to study memory, a research team led by Lulu Chen and Christine Gall found that everyday forms of learning animate neuron receptors that help keep brain cells functioning at optimum levels. (read the full story)
Novel Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Sensor Provides A Molecular View Of The Brain
MIT neuroscientists have designed a new MRI sensor that responds to the neurotransmitter dopamine, an achievement that may significantly improve the specificity and resolution of future brain imaging procedures. Although functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has enhanced our understanding of brain function since it was first introduced about 20 years ago, the technology actually measures blood flow, which is a slow and indirect readout of neural activity. Check the end of this report for a link to review a video interview with the researcher and demonstration of this technology (reading the full story)
Childhood Stress Such As Abuse Or Emotional Neglect Can Result In Structural Brain Changes
New research using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows that childhood stress such as abuse or emotional neglect, in particular when combined with genetic factors, can result in structural brain changes, rendering these people more vulnerable to developing depression. The study led by scientists at Trinity College Dublin has just been published in the international scientific journal, Neuropsychopharmacology. (read the full story)
Caltech Scientists Find First Physiological Evidence Of The Brain’s Response To Inequality
The human brain is a big believer in equality – and a team of scientists from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) and Trinity College in Dublin, Ireland, has become the first to gather the images to prove it. Specifically, the team found that the reward centers in the human brain respond more strongly when a poor person receives a financial reward than when a rich person does. The surprising thing? This activity pattern holds true even if the brain being looked at is in the rich person’s head, rather than the poor person’s. (continue reading)
Impaired Brain Activity Underlies Impulsive Behaviors In Women With Bulimia
Women with bulimia nervosa (BN), when compared with healthy women, showed different patterns of brain activity while doing a task that required self-regulation. This abnormality may underlie binge eating and other impulsive behaviors that occur with the eating disorder, according to an article published in the January 2009 issue of the Archives of General Psychiatry. (continue reading)
Brain Structure Predicts Ability To Learn Video Games
Researchers can predict your performance on a video game simply by measuring the volume of specific structures in your brain, a multi-institutional team reports this week. The new study, in the journal Cerebral Cortex, found that nearly a quarter of the variability in achievement seen among men and women trained on a new video game could be predicted by measuring the volume of parts of the striatum, a collection of brain structures tucked deep inside the cerebral cortex. (continue reading)
People With Anxiety Disorder Are Less Able To Regulate Their Response To Negative Emotions
People with generalized anxiety disorder, or GAD, have abnormalities in the way their brain unconsciously controls emotions. That’s the conclusion of a new Stanford University School of Medicine study, and the study authors say the findings could open up new avenues for treatments and change our understanding of how emotion is regulated in everyday life. The work is published online in this month’s American Journal of Psychiatry. (continue reading)
Mapping Cortical Hubs In Tinnitus Using Magnetoencephalography (MEG)
The current investigation utilized magnetoencephalography to map cortical hubs in tinnitus. Tinnitus is defined as an auditory perception in the absence of any physically identifiable source. Almost everyone will experience some form of auditory phantom perceptions such as tinnitus at least once in their lifetime; in most of the cases this sensation vanishes within seconds or minutes. However, in 5 – 10% of the population in western societies the tinnitus persists for more than six months and usually remains chronic [1]. Those patients hear a constant ringing, buzzing, or hissing in the ear and this perception is especially dominant when the patient is resting in a quiet environment. About 1 – 3% of the general population experience tinnitus as bothersome and complain that it affects their quality of life. Problems can include difficulties concentrating at work, a decrease in their social life, depression, insomnia or anxiety [2]. (continue reading)
fMRIs Reveal Brain’s Handling Of Low-Priority Ideas
When we put an idea on the back burner, it goes into a processing area of the brain called the default-mode network. This network enables us to hold the low-priority idea in abeyance until a time when we are not busy with something else. “The default-mode network appears to be the brain’s back burner for social decision making,” said Peter T. Fox, M.D., director of the Research Imaging Institute at The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. “Usually these back-burner ideas relate to interpersonal interactions and decisions that can’t readily be quantified and shouldn’t be rushed.” Dr. Fox likened this to putting a computer batch job into background processing to wait until the system is less busy. (continue reading)
Mind Reading, Brain Fingerprinting, And The Law – Interesting (And Potentially Worrisome) Uses Of EEG And Other Brain Imaging Techniques
What if a jury could decide a man’s guilt through mind reading? What if reading a defendant’s memory could betray their guilt? And what constitutes ‘intent’ to commit murder? These are just some of the issues debated and reviewed in the inaugural issue of WIREs Cognitive Science, the latest interdisciplinary project from Wiley-Blackwell, which for registered institutions will be free for the first two years. (continue reading)
Researchers Discover Method To Objectively Identify Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Researchers at the University of Minnesota and Minneapolis VA Medical Center have identified a biological marker in the brains of those exhibiting post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A group of 74 United States veterans were involved in the study, which for the first time objectively diagnoses PTSD using magnetoencephalography (MEG), a non-invasive measurement of magnetic fields in the brain. It is something conventional brain scans such as an X-ray, CT, or MRI have failed to do. (continue reading)
UCLA Researchers Image Earliest Signs Of Alzheimer’s Disease – Even Before Symptoms Appear
Estimates are that some 10 percent of people over the age of 65 will develop Alzheimer’s disease, the scourge that robs people of their memories and, ultimately, their lives. While researchers race to find both the cause and the cure, others are moving just as fast to find the earliest signs that will predict an eventual onset of the disease, well before any outward symptoms. The reason is simple: The earlier the diagnosis, the earlier treatments can be applied. Now, through the use of sophisticated brain-imaging techniques, researchers at UCLA have been able to predict a brain’s progression to Alzheimer’s by measuring subtle changes in brain structure over time, changes that occur long before symptoms can be seen. (continue reading)
Deficits In Brain’s Reward System Observed In ADHD Patients
A brain-imaging study conducted at the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Brookhaven National Laboratory provides the first definitive evidence that patients suffering from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have lower-than-normal levels of certain proteins essential for experiencing reward and motivation. “These deficits in the brain’s reward system may help explain clinical symptoms of ADHD, including inattention and reduced motivation, as well as the propensity for complications such as drug abuse and obesity among ADHD patients,” said lead author Nora Volkow, Director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse and a long-time collaborator on neuroimaging research at Brookhaven Lab. (continue reading)
How The Autistic Brain Distinguishes Itself From Others
Scientists have discovered that the brains of individuals with autism are less active when engaged in self-reflective thought. In the study, published in the journal Brain, functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) imaging provides new evidence for the neural correlates of self-awareness and a new window into understanding social difficulties in autism spectrum conditions. (continue reading)
A Clinical Outcome Study Of Neurofeedback And Biofeedback For Migraine Headache